Ok. do you have shell access or at least access via ftp to your installation?
In the folder /nextcloud/data you will find updater.log. In my cases it ends like this
2022-09-16T19:31:51+0200 BEfYO0K5KL [info] POST request for step “9”
2022-09-16T19:31:51+0200 BEfYO0K5KL [info] startStep(“9”)
2022-09-16T19:31:51+0200 BEfYO0K5KL [info] deleteOldFiles()
2022-09-16T19:31:52+0200 BEfYO0K5KL [info] config sample exists
2022-09-16T19:31:52+0200 BEfYO0K5KL [info] themes README exists
2022-09-16T19:32:00+0200 BEfYO0K5KL [info] end of deleteOldFiles()
2022-09-16T19:32:00+0200 BEfYO0K5KL [info] endStep(“9”)
2022-09-16T19:38:18+0200 TUfsyTNr4I [info] request to updater
2022-09-16T19:38:21+0200 TUfsyTNr4I [info] currentStep()
2022-09-16T19:38:21+0200 TUfsyTNr4I [info] Step 9 is in state “end”.
2022-09-16T19:38:21+0200 TUfsyTNr4I [info] show HTML page
2022-09-16T19:38:21+0200 TUfsyTNr4I [info] current version: 24.0.5 build time: 2022-09-08T10:35:07+00:00 e712fab1daf99ad6d1d48f9e851f3a4f90166649
Step 9 is “Delete old files” and is followed by “Move new files in place” (s. Upgrade via built-in updater — Nextcloud latest Administration Manual latest documentation).
Can you confirm that?