The problem with the character set can be fixed quite easily. Okay, if the developers only know Linux then it will be difficult. But a developer should be able to think outside the box to understand such things. And if you fix the character set problem, owncloud / nextcloud runs quite stable without data loss.
Afaik wsl started supporting linux filesystems, this may fix the problem from the other side. Probably worth a try… however, i can fully understand why windows servers are not supported by the devs, while there may be some small fixable problems, the major part of the internet and datacenters run on linux or other unixoids, it just is not worth the effort. Also private people intersted in running their cloud on their own hardware are better of by using a linux os anyway.
Not sure, but wsl is basically as the name says a subsystem, i guess it is similar to x86 support in x64 windows, not a vm. I think running a vm in wsl will not be much different from running it in windows directly