OCC upgrade command fails during CLI update - Cannot connect to database

Hi all,
I tried updating my NC server from version 20.0.2 to 20.0.14 today… and all hell broke loose!
I’m using NC on a Raspberry Pi 4, on Raspbian 10 + Apache 2.4.38.

First, I tried updating from the NC browser panel. However, the installation stayed stuck at the step “Extracting”. So I tried updating via updater.phar, which also failed but suggested that I may be running out of disk space. Having deleted a few big files from my Pi, I tried updater.phar again. This time, all green checkboxes were checked, “Update of code successful.”

Then it asked me if I wanted to run the “occ upgrade” command - to which I replied, yes!
… and I immediately got the following error:

An unhandled exception has been thrown:
Doctrine\DBAL\DBALException: Failed to connect to the database: An exception occurred in driver: SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002] Connection refused in /var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/DB/Connection.php:72
Stack trace:
#0 /var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/doctrine/dbal/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Connection.php(1449): OC\DB\Connection->connect()
#1 /var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/doctrine/dbal/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Connection.php(892): Doctrine\DBAL\Connection->getWrappedConnection()
#2 /var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/DB/Connection.php(202): Doctrine\DBAL\Connection->executeQuery('SELECT * FROM `...', Array, Array, NULL)
#3 /var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/doctrine/dbal/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Query/QueryBuilder.php(206): OC\DB\Connection->executeQuery('SELECT * FROM `...', Array, Array)
#4 /var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/DB/QueryBuilder/QueryBuilder.php(248): Doctrine\DBAL\Query\QueryBuilder->execute()
#5 /var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/AppConfig.php(345): OC\DB\QueryBuilder\QueryBuilder->execute()
#6 /var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/AppConfig.php(110): OC\AppConfig->loadConfigValues()
#7 /var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/AppConfig.php(301): OC\AppConfig->getApps()
#8 /var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/legacy/OC_App.php(967): OC\AppConfig->getValues(false, 'installed_versi...')
#9 /var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/Server.php(668): OC_App::getAppVersions()
#10 /var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/AppFramework/Utility/SimpleContainer.php(155): OC\Server->OC\{closure}(Object(OC\Server))
#11 /var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/pimple/pimple/src/Pimple/Container.php(118): OC\AppFramework\Utility\SimpleContainer->OC\AppFramework\Utility\{closure}(Object(Pimple\Container))
#12 /var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/AppFramework/Utility/SimpleContainer.php(122): Pimple\Container->offsetGet('OC\\Memcache\\Fac...')
#13 /var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/ServerContainer.php(156): OC\AppFramework\Utility\SimpleContainer->query('OC\\Memcache\\Fac...', true)
#14 /var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/Server.php(1688): OC\ServerContainer->query('OC\\Memcache\\Fac...')
#15 /var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/Server.php(1028): OC\Server->getMemCacheFactory()
#16 /var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/AppFramework/Utility/SimpleContainer.php(155): OC\Server->OC\{closure}(Object(OC\Server))
#17 /var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/pimple/pimple/src/Pimple/Container.php(118): OC\AppFramework\Utility\SimpleContainer->OC\AppFramework\Utility\{closure}(Object(Pimple\Container))
#18 /var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/AppFramework/Utility/SimpleContainer.php(122): Pimple\Container->offsetGet('OCP\\Lock\\ILocki...')
#19 /var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/ServerContainer.php(156): OC\AppFramework\Utility\SimpleContainer->query('OCP\\Lock\\ILocki...', true)
#20 /var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/Server.php(1988): OC\ServerContainer->query('OCP\\Lock\\ILocki...')
#21 /var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/Files/View.php(118): OC\Server->getLockingProvider()
#22 /var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/Server.php(395): OC\Files\View->__construct()
#23 /var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/AppFramework/Utility/SimpleContainer.php(155): OC\Server->OC\{closure}(Object(OC\Server))
#24 /var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/pimple/pimple/src/Pimple/Container.php(118): OC\AppFramework\Utility\SimpleContainer->OC\AppFramework\Utility\{closure}(Object(Pimple\Container))
#25 /var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/AppFramework/Utility/SimpleContainer.php(122): Pimple\Container->offsetGet('OC\\Files\\Node\\H...')
#26 /var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/ServerContainer.php(156): OC\AppFramework\Utility\SimpleContainer->query('OC\\Files\\Node\\H...', true)
#27 /var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/Server.php(1335): OC\ServerContainer->query('OC\\Files\\Node\\H...')
#28 /var/www/nextcloud/lib/base.php(595): OC\Server->boot()
#29 /var/www/nextcloud/lib/base.php(1091): OC::init()
#30 /var/www/nextcloud/console.php(49): require_once('/var/www/nextcl...')
#31 /var/www/nextcloud/occ(11): require_once('/var/www/nextcl...')
#32 {main}

I tried searching for reports of similar errors online, and found many… but somehow none of these posts have been helpful to me (I was hoping that editing the config.php file, as mentioned here, by replacing “localhost” with “127.0.0.1” would do the trick - but it didn’t)

When I do systemctl status mysqld I get:

â—Ź mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.3.27 database server
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2022-05-29 20:51:28 CEST; 1h 26min ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
  Process: 24007 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/install -m 755 -o mysql -g root -d /var/run/mysqld (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 24008 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 24010 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c [ ! -e /usr/bin/galera_recovery ] && VAR= ||   VAR=`cd /usr/bin/..; /usr/bin/galera_recovery`; [ $? -eq 0 ]   && systemctl set-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION=$VAR || e
  Process: 24057 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld $MYSQLD_OPTS $_WSREP_NEW_CLUSTER $_WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
 Main PID: 24057 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
   Status: "MariaDB server is down"

May 29 20:51:19 raspberrypi systemd[1]: Starting MariaDB 10.3.27 database server...
May 29 20:51:20 raspberrypi mysqld[24057]: 2022-05-29 20:51:20 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 10.3.27-MariaDB-0+deb10u1) starting as process 24057 ...
May 29 20:51:20 raspberrypi mysqld[24057]: 2022-05-29 20:51:20 0 [Warning] Could not increase number of max_open_files to more than 16384 (request: 32186)
May 29 20:51:28 raspberrypi systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
May 29 20:51:28 raspberrypi systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
May 29 20:51:28 raspberrypi systemd[1]: Failed to start MariaDB 10.3.27 database server.

So it seems clear that the update messed things up with MariaDB somehow. Here again, I’m struggling to find inspiration on the way forward from other posts.

Latest content of my nextcloud.log file… shows a whole bunch of stuff gone wrong.

{"reqId":"MJ4ruB5I80BTzVIRteRa","level":3,"time":"2022-05-29T17:51:23+00:00","remoteAddr":"192.168.1.11","user":"arcane","app":"no app in context","method":"REPORT","url":"/nextcloud/remote.php/caldav/calendars/arcane/app-generated--deck--board-3/","message":{"Exception":"Doctrine\\DBAL\\Exception\\DriverException","Message":"An exception occurred while executing 'UPDATE `oc_preferences` SET `configvalue` = ? WHERE (`userid` = ?) AND (`appid` = ?) AND (`configkey` = ?)' with params [1653846683, \"arcane\", \"login\", \"lastLogin\"]:\n\nSQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 2006 MySQL server has gone away","Code":0,"Trace":[{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/doctrine/dbal/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/DBALException.php","line":169,"function":"convertException","class":"Doctrine\\DBAL\\Driver\\AbstractMySQLDriver","type":"->","args":["An exception occurred while executing 'UPDATE `oc_preferences` SET `configvalue` = ? WHERE (`userid` = ?) AND (`appid` = ?) AND (`configkey` = ?)' with params [1653846683, \"arcane\", \"login\", \"lastLogin\"]:\n\nSQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 2006 MySQL server has gone away",{"errorInfo":["HY000",2006,"MySQL server has gone away"],"__class__":"Doctrine\\DBAL\\Driver\\PDOException"}]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/doctrine/dbal/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/DBALException.php","line":149,"function":"wrapException","class":"Doctrine\\DBAL\\DBALException","type":"::","args":[{"__class__":"Doctrine\\DBAL\\Driver\\PDOMySql\\Driver"},{"errorInfo":["HY000",2006,"MySQL server has gone away"],"__class__":"Doctrine\\DBAL\\Driver\\PDOException"},"An exception occurred while executing 'UPDATE `oc_preferences` SET `configvalue` = ? WHERE (`userid` = ?) AND (`appid` = ?) AND (`configkey` = ?)' with params [1653846683, \"arcane\", \"login\", \"lastLogin\"]:\n\nSQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 2006 MySQL server has gone away"]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/doctrine/dbal/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Connection.php","line":1071,"function":"driverExceptionDuringQuery","class":"Doctrine\\DBAL\\DBALException","type":"::","args":[{"__class__":"Doctrine\\DBAL\\Driver\\PDOMySql\\Driver"},{"errorInfo":["HY000",2006,"MySQL server has gone away"],"__class__":"Doctrine\\DBAL\\Driver\\PDOException"},"UPDATE `oc_preferences` SET `configvalue` = ? WHERE (`userid` = ?) AND (`appid` = ?) AND (`configkey` = ?)",{"1":1653846683,"2":"*** sensitive parameter replaced ***","3":"login","4":"lastLogin"}]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/DB/Connection.php","line":222,"function":"executeUpdate","class":"Doctrine\\DBAL\\Connection","type":"->","args":["UPDATE `oc_preferences` SET `configvalue` = ? WHERE (`userid` = ?) AND (`appid` = ?) AND (`configkey` = ?)",[1653846683,"*** sensitive parameter replaced ***","login","lastLogin"],[2,2,2,2]]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/doctrine/dbal/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Query/QueryBuilder.php","line":209,"function":"executeUpdate","class":"OC\\DB\\Connection","type":"->","args":["UPDATE `oc_preferences` SET `configvalue` = :dcValue1 WHERE (`userid` = :dcValue2) AND (`appid` = :dcValue3) AND (`configkey` = :dcValue4)",{"dcValue1":1653846683,"dcValue2":"*** sensitive parameter replaced ***","dcValue3":"login","dcValue4":"lastLogin"},{"dcValue1":2,"dcValue2":2,"dcValue3":2,"dcValue4":2}]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/DB/QueryBuilder/QueryBuilder.php","line":217,"function":"execute","class":"Doctrine\\DBAL\\Query\\QueryBuilder","type":"->","args":[]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/AllConfig.php","line":278,"function":"execute","class":"OC\\DB\\QueryBuilder\\QueryBuilder","type":"->","args":[]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/User/User.php","line":204,"function":"setUserValue","class":"OC\\AllConfig","type":"->","args":["*** sensitive parameter replaced ***","login","lastLogin",1653846683]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/User/Session.php","line":399,"function":"updateLastLoginTimestamp","class":"OC\\User\\User","type":"->","args":["*** sensitive parameters replaced ***"]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/User/Session.php","line":624,"function":"completeLogin","class":"OC\\User\\Session","type":"->","args":["*** sensitive parameters replaced ***"]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/User/Session.php","line":367,"function":"loginWithPassword","class":"OC\\User\\Session","type":"->","args":["*** sensitive parameters replaced ***"]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/User/Session.php","line":462,"function":"login","class":"OC\\User\\Session","type":"->","args":["*** sensitive parameters replaced ***"]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/apps/dav/lib/Connector/Sabre/Auth.php","line":131,"function":"logClientIn","class":"OC\\User\\Session","type":"->","args":["*** sensitive parameters replaced ***"]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/sabre/dav/lib/DAV/Auth/Backend/AbstractBasic.php","line":106,"function":"validateUserPass","class":"OCA\\DAV\\Connector\\Sabre\\Auth","type":"->","args":["*** sensitive parameters replaced ***"]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/apps/dav/lib/Connector/Sabre/Auth.php","line":254,"function":"check","class":"Sabre\\DAV\\Auth\\Backend\\AbstractBasic","type":"->","args":[{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Request"},{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Response"}]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/apps/dav/lib/Connector/Sabre/Auth.php","line":156,"function":"auth","class":"OCA\\DAV\\Connector\\Sabre\\Auth","type":"->","args":[{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Request"},{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Response"}]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/sabre/dav/lib/DAV/Auth/Plugin.php","line":192,"function":"check","class":"OCA\\DAV\\Connector\\Sabre\\Auth","type":"->","args":[{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Request"},{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Response"}]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/sabre/dav/lib/DAV/Auth/Plugin.php","line":144,"function":"check","class":"Sabre\\DAV\\Auth\\Plugin","type":"->","args":[{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Request"},{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Response"}]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/sabre/event/lib/WildcardEmitterTrait.php","line":89,"function":"beforeMethod","class":"Sabre\\DAV\\Auth\\Plugin","type":"->","args":[{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Request"},{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Response"}]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/sabre/dav/lib/DAV/Server.php","line":458,"function":"emit","class":"Sabre\\DAV\\Server","type":"->","args":["beforeMethod:REPORT",[{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Request"},{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Response"}]]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/sabre/dav/lib/DAV/Server.php","line":251,"function":"invokeMethod","class":"Sabre\\DAV\\Server","type":"->","args":[{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Request"},{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Response"}]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/sabre/dav/lib/DAV/Server.php","line":319,"function":"start","class":"Sabre\\DAV\\Server","type":"->","args":[]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/apps/dav/appinfo/v1/caldav.php","line":106,"function":"exec","class":"Sabre\\DAV\\Server","type":"->","args":[]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/remote.php","line":167,"args":["/var/www/nextcloud/apps/dav/appinfo/v1/caldav.php"],"function":"require_once"}],"File":"/var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/doctrine/dbal/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/AbstractMySQLDriver.php","Line":106,"Previous":{"Exception":"Doctrine\\DBAL\\Driver\\PDOException","Message":"SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 2006 MySQL server has gone away","Code":"HY000","Trace":[{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/doctrine/dbal/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Connection.php","line":1062,"function":"execute","class":"Doctrine\\DBAL\\Driver\\PDOStatement","type":"->","args":[]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/DB/Connection.php","line":222,"function":"executeUpdate","class":"Doctrine\\DBAL\\Connection","type":"->","args":["UPDATE `oc_preferences` SET `configvalue` = ? WHERE (`userid` = ?) AND (`appid` = ?) AND (`configkey` = ?)",[1653846683,"*** sensitive parameter replaced ***","login","lastLogin"],[2,2,2,2]]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/doctrine/dbal/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Query/QueryBuilder.php","line":209,"function":"executeUpdate","class":"OC\\DB\\Connection","type":"->","args":["UPDATE `oc_preferences` SET `configvalue` = :dcValue1 WHERE (`userid` = :dcValue2) AND (`appid` = :dcValue3) AND (`configkey` = :dcValue4)",{"dcValue1":1653846683,"dcValue2":"*** sensitive parameter replaced ***","dcValue3":"login","dcValue4":"lastLogin"},{"dcValue1":2,"dcValue2":2,"dcValue3":2,"dcValue4":2}]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/DB/QueryBuilder/QueryBuilder.php","line":217,"function":"execute","class":"Doctrine\\DBAL\\Query\\QueryBuilder","type":"->","args":[]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/AllConfig.php","line":278,"function":"execute","class":"OC\\DB\\QueryBuilder\\QueryBuilder","type":"->","args":[]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/User/User.php","line":204,"function":"setUserValue","class":"OC\\AllConfig","type":"->","args":["*** sensitive parameter replaced ***","login","lastLogin",1653846683]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/User/Session.php","line":399,"function":"updateLastLoginTimestamp","class":"OC\\User\\User","type":"->","args":["*** sensitive parameters replaced ***"]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/User/Session.php","line":624,"function":"completeLogin","class":"OC\\User\\Session","type":"->","args":["*** sensitive parameters replaced ***"]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/User/Session.php","line":367,"function":"loginWithPassword","class":"OC\\User\\Session","type":"->","args":["*** sensitive parameters replaced ***"]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/User/Session.php","line":462,"function":"login","class":"OC\\User\\Session","type":"->","args":["*** sensitive parameters replaced ***"]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/apps/dav/lib/Connector/Sabre/Auth.php","line":131,"function":"logClientIn","class":"OC\\User\\Session","type":"->","args":["*** sensitive parameters replaced ***"]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/sabre/dav/lib/DAV/Auth/Backend/AbstractBasic.php","line":106,"function":"validateUserPass","class":"OCA\\DAV\\Connector\\Sabre\\Auth","type":"->","args":["*** sensitive parameters replaced ***"]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/apps/dav/lib/Connector/Sabre/Auth.php","line":254,"function":"check","class":"Sabre\\DAV\\Auth\\Backend\\AbstractBasic","type":"->","args":[{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Request"},{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Response"}]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/apps/dav/lib/Connector/Sabre/Auth.php","line":156,"function":"auth","class":"OCA\\DAV\\Connector\\Sabre\\Auth","type":"->","args":[{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Request"},{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Response"}]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/sabre/dav/lib/DAV/Auth/Plugin.php","line":192,"function":"check","class":"OCA\\DAV\\Connector\\Sabre\\Auth","type":"->","args":[{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Request"},{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Response"}]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/sabre/dav/lib/DAV/Auth/Plugin.php","line":144,"function":"check","class":"Sabre\\DAV\\Auth\\Plugin","type":"->","args":[{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Request"},{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Response"}]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/sabre/event/lib/WildcardEmitterTrait.php","line":89,"function":"beforeMethod","class":"Sabre\\DAV\\Auth\\Plugin","type":"->","args":[{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Request"},{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Response"}]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/sabre/dav/lib/DAV/Server.php","line":458,"function":"emit","class":"Sabre\\DAV\\Server","type":"->","args":["beforeMethod:REPORT",[{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Request"},{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Response"}]]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/sabre/dav/lib/DAV/Server.php","line":251,"function":"invokeMethod","class":"Sabre\\DAV\\Server","type":"->","args":[{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Request"},{"__class__":"Sabre\\HTTP\\Response"}]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/sabre/dav/lib/DAV/Server.php","line":319,"function":"start","class":"Sabre\\DAV\\Server","type":"->","args":[]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/apps/dav/appinfo/v1/caldav.php","line":106,"function":"exec","class":"Sabre\\DAV\\Server","type":"->","args":[]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/remote.php","line":167,"args":["/var/www/nextcloud/apps/dav/appinfo/v1/caldav.php"],"function":"require_once"}],"File":"/var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/doctrine/dbal/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/PDOStatement.php","Line":129,"Previous":{"Exception":"PDOException","Message":"SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 2006 MySQL server has gone away","Code":"HY000","Trace":[{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/doctrine/dbal/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/PDOStatement.php","line":127,"function":"execute","class":"PDOStatement","type":"->","args":[null]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/doctrine/dbal/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Connection.php","line":1062,"function":"execute","class":"Doctrine\\DBAL\\Driver\\PDOStatement","type":"->","args":[]},{"file":"/var/www/nextcloud/lib/private/DB/Connection.php","line":222,"function":"executeUpdate","class":"Doctrine\\DBAL\\Connection","type":"->","args":["UPDATE `oc_preferences` SET `configvalue` = ? WHERE (`userid` = ?) AND (`appid` = ?) 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Right now my whole NC server is down, and I use it daily for work - really hoping to find a way out of this mess :expressionless: If you have any clues, please let me know! Thanks in advance.

MariaDB is currently not running, therefore the connection exception. You might want to check the error above and increase the max_open_files I guess to start MariaDB again.

Many thanks for your quick & helpful reply! :grinning:
I had missed that bit in the MariaDB error message. Following this tutorial I succeeded in increasing the max_open_files parameter, and completed the upgrade process without further difficulties.