Nextcloud works fine but occ has a problem with .ocdata

These days I had the Idea to try occ for maintaining my nextcloud.
My webhoster allow ssh acces wih a limit set of commands.

sudo and chown ar not available. I’m able to run occ directly with php ./occ

but I got following errors:

Daten-Verzeichnis (/daten/clouddata/Cloud-data) ist ungültig
Bitte stelle sicher, dass das Datenverzeichnis auf seiner ersten Ebene eine Datei namens „.ocdata“ enthält.

Das Erstellen des „data“-Verzeichnisses ist nicht möglich (/daten/clouddata/Cloud-data)
Dies kann normalerweise repariert werden, indem dem Webserver <a href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/11/go.php?to=admin-dir_permissions" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> Schreibzugriff auf das Wurzelverzeichnis gegeben wird</a>.

Das Setzen der Umgebungslokale auf en_US.UTF-8/fr_FR.UTF-8/es_ES.UTF-8/de_DE.UTF-8/ru_RU.UTF-8/pt_BR.UTF-8/it_IT.UTF-8/ja_JP.UTF-8/zh_CN.UTF-8 fehlgeschlagen
Bitte installiere eine dieser Sprachen auf Deinem System und starte den Webserver neu.

An unhandled exception has been thrown:
exception 'Exception' with message 'Environment not properly prepared.' in /web/nextcloud/lib/private/Console/Application.php:144
Stack trace:
#0 /web/nextcloud/console.php(89): OC\Console\Application->loadCommands(Object(Symfony\Component\Console\Input\ArgvInput), Object(Symfony\Component\Console\Output\ConsoleOutput))
#1 /web/nextcloud/occ(11): require_once('/web/nextcloud/co...')
#2 {main}

Nextcloud version (eg, 10.0.2): 11.0.2.7
Operating system and version (eg, Ubuntu 16.04): I’don’t now
Apache or nginx version (eg, Apache 2.4.25): I’don’t now
PHP version (eg, 5.6): 7.1
Is this the first time you’ve seen this error?: Yes

Can you reliably replicate it? (If so, please outline steps): php ./occ

The issue you are facing: occ not work while all other apps from nextcloud work as expected

The output of your Nextcloud log in Admin > Logging:

Removed the log file, placed the occ command.
no entry in nextcloud.log

The output of your config.php file in /path/to/nextcloud (make sure you remove any identifiable information!):

'maintenance' => false,
'datadirectory' => '/daten/clouddata/Cloud-data',
'installed' => true,
'default_language' => 'de',
'session_keepalive' => true,
'token_auth_enforced' => false,
'auth.bruteforce.protection.enabled' => true,
'htaccess.RewriteBase' => '/',
'appcodechecker' => true,
'updatechecker' => true,
'updater.server.url' => 'https://updates.nextcloud.com/updater_server/',
'updater.release.channel' => 'stable',
'has_internet_connection' => true,
'appstoreenabled' => true,
'enable_previews' => true,
'check_for_working_webdav' => true,
'check_for_working_wellknown_setup' => true,
'check_for_working_htaccess' => true,
'config_is_read_only' => false,
'version' => '11.0.2.7',
'dbtype' => 'mysql',

The output of your Apache/nginx/system log in /var/log/____:

no entry

occ must be run with the Nextcloud owner’s privileges (typicalle www-data). This can be archieved by running a command - in this case occ - with the following syntax:
sudo -u www-data php occ...

But since you said sudo is not allowed on your instance, I reckon this is your problem.

I’m not sure, as far I got. My login into ssh and the user of the Webserver are the same.
As far I could see every thing works except occ. In other situations there is no Problem with the data directory.