How are you uploading? From the Web client? One of the official clients? A generic WebDaV client? Etc.
Also, which image are you using? Most of them have these parameter already reasonably set and also expose them via environment variables so there is zero need to adjust the PHP config manually.
Refer to the docs for the image you’re using. If stuck, post your Compose file. (Also, please fill out the support template).
The problem is that after a while the upload just fails, and I figured I have to increase my max file size and timeout options
What specifically happens?
And:
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What appears in your browser inspector under the Console tab (and Network) when attempting an upload?
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What is in your Nextcloud log? Your reverse proxy error log? Web server error log? Etc.