I needed to remove all options, including innodb_file_per_table=1 from the file /etc/mysql/my.cnf
#innodb_large_prefix=on
#innodb_file_format=barracuda
#innodb_file_per_table=1
#innodb_large_prefix=1
The documentation mentioned, that this option should be set, but this is default in MariaDB as far as I know. https://mariadb.com/kb/en/innodb-system-variables/#innodb_file_format
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like 'innodb_file_per_table';
+-----------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------------+-------+
| innodb_file_per_table | ON |
+-----------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.006 sec)
The Database is already utf8mb4
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "character_set_database";
+------------------------+---------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------------+---------+
| character_set_database | utf8mb4 |
+------------------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.007 sec)