From the data folder moving manual (HowTo: Change / Move data directory after installation), the oc_storages table should be enough. If you still have a dump of the database, perhaps you can check if there are other references to the old file location. Perhaps some apps?
Unfortunately the error messages is not very clear, it doesn’t state the folder it was looking in, you could make a feature request on github to give more specific information (https://github.com/nextcloud/server/issues).