I suspect ncdata folder can not be created there.
Try:
sudo mkdir /mnt/usbdrive/ncdata
sudo chown www-data:www-data /mnt/usbdrive/ncdata
sudo docker rm nextcloudpi
docker run -p 4443:4443 -p 443:443 -p 80:80 -v /mnt/usbdrive/ncdata:/data --name nextcloudpi --restart unless-stopped ownyourbits/nextcloudpi-armhf:v1.24.0 ${IP}
and run,
docker logs -f nextcloudpi
wait for init done, (ctrl+c to exit log)
Also there is a detailed post on getting started with ncp docker
Can also check NCP’s documentation https://docs.nextcloudpi.com/en/how-to-get-started-with-ncp-docker/
Once your container is up and running you can copy old data, import database or run nc-scan, after copying files from previous ncdata.