There have been numerous reports of this issue since NC 23 was released here, on Nextcloud Reddit, and elsewhere. So far the issue has not been addressed or acknowledged officially as far as I can tell other than an “Office Team Lead” comment on this thread, with no follow-up. Neither has anyone reported successfully getting the built in app to work on a bare metal or VM install. Of course this may be because those who have working systems do not come here to report it, but considering the number of people having this issue it seems suspicious.
Most people seem to be “resolving the issue” by moving to OpenOffice or other alternatives but I am still holding out hoping for the problem to be fixed, and ready and willing to assist in any way possible with identifying the underlying bug.
If you need a solution right away you should probably look elsewhere.
ETA:
If you are interested, I documented my troubleshooting and findings in this thread and went about as far as I can without more knowledgeable feedback and/or advice on what to try next. Some of that info might be useful to you if you pursue this on your own like I did.