Internal Server Error when enabling APCu or redis

You only need one php version and I would always advice, to totally remove all not used and not needed php-versions and modules. as well as any meta-packages. It is a common source of plenty of errors.

did you add where nextcloud have to talk to redis, like this (example):

  'redis' => 
  array (
    'host' => '/run/redis/redis-server.sock',
    'port' => 0,
    'timeout' => 0,
  ),

did you start the redis server?

You can live see what redis does with redis-cli:

redis-cli -s /var/run/redis/redis-server.sock monitor

Here you’ll find the redis-cli manual: https://redis.io/docs/connect/cli/