Permission : nginx, php-fpm and files/folders

electro575 · April 19, 2025, 4:07pm

Hi all,

I’m running nextcloud server behind nginx with php8.4-fpm.

I’m trying to use specific_group to seperate right for www-data user.

specific_group have www-data and specific_user_php_fpm for php-fpm.

But, it does not work properly !

Have you advices to custom permissions for my following configuration ?

sudo -u specific_user_php_fpm php /srv/http/domain.org/cloud.domain.org/occ maintenance:mode --on

###################

MAINTENANCE

###################

sudo -u specific_user_php_fpm php /srv/http/domain.org/cloud.domain.org/occ upgrade

Nextcloud or one of the apps require upgrade - only a limited number of commands are available
You may use your browser or the occ upgrade command to do the upgrade
Setting log level to debug
Updating database schema
Updated database
Updating <circles> ...
Updated <circles> to 31.0.0
Starting code integrity check...
Finished code integrity check
Update successful
Maintenance mode is kept active
Resetting log level

NEXTCLOUD

sudo groupadd -g XXXX specific_group
sudo usermod -a -G specific_group specific_user_php_fpm
sudo usermod -a -G specific_group www-data

PHP-FPM

/etc/php/8.4/fpm/pool.d/fpm-cloud.domain.org.conf

; Unix user/group of processes
user = specific_user_php_fpm
group = specific_group
; Set permissions for unix socket
listen.owner = specific_user_php_fpm
listen.group = specific_group
listen.mode = 0660

PERMISSION

# Appliquer à tous les fichiers et dossiers specific_user_php_fpm:specific_group
chown -R specific_user_php_fpm:specific_group /srv/http/domain.org/cloud.domain.org/

# Appliquer à tous les fichiers et dossier la permission 440
chmod -R 440 /srv/http/domain.org/cloud.domain.org/
# Ajouter +X à tous les dossiers donc passage de permission 440 à 550
# u=user, g=group, o=other
chmod -R ug+X /srv/http/domain.org/cloud.domain.org/

chmod 750 /srv/http/domain.org/cloud.domain.org/config/ 
chmod 750 /srv/http/domain.org/cloud.domain.org/apps/
chmod 750 /srv/http/domain.org/cloud.domain.org/config/config.php

/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/cloud.domain.org.conf

# Version 2024-07-17

upstream php-handler {
    server unix:/run/php/php-fpm-cloud.domain.org.sock;
}

# Set the `immutable` cache control options only for assets with a cache busting `v` argument
map $arg_v $asset_immutable {
    "" "";
    default ", immutable";
}

server {
    if ($host = cloud.domain.org) {
        return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
    } # managed by Certbot


    #if ($host = chat.xmpp.domain.org) {
    #    return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
    #} # managed by Certbot

        server_name cloud.domain.org;

        listen 80;
        listen [::]:80;
}

server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    listen [::]:443 ssl;
    # With NGinx >= 1.25.1 you should use this instead:
    # listen 443      ssl;
    # listen [::]:443 ssl;
    http2 on;
    server_name cloud.domain.org;

    # Path to the root of your installation
    root /srv/http/domain.org/cloud.domain.org;

    access_log /var/log/nginx/cloud.domain.org.access;
    error_log  /var/log/nginx/cloud.domain.org.error;
    
    # Use Mozilla's guidelines for SSL/TLS settings
    # https://mozilla.github.io/server-side-tls/ssl-config-generator/
    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/cloud.domain.org/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/cloud.domain.org/privkey.pem;

    # Prevent nginx HTTP Server Detection
    server_tokens off;

    # HSTS settings
    # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
    # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
    # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
    # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
    # could take several months.
    #add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload" always;

    # set max upload size and increase upload timeout:
    client_max_body_size 512M;
    client_body_timeout 300s;
    fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;

    # Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_comp_level 4;
    gzip_min_length 256;
    gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
    gzip_types application/atom+xml text/javascript application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/wasm application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;

    # Pagespeed is not supported by Nextcloud, so if your server is built
    # with the `ngx_pagespeed` module, uncomment this line to disable it.
    #pagespeed off;

    # The settings allows you to optimize the HTTP2 bandwidth.
    # See https://blog.cloudflare.com/delivering-http-2-upload-speed-improvements/
    # for tuning hints
    client_body_buffer_size 512k;

    # HTTP response headers borrowed from Nextcloud `.htaccess`
    add_header Referrer-Policy                   "no-referrer"       always;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options            "nosniff"           always;
    add_header X-Frame-Options                   "SAMEORIGIN"        always;
    add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none"              always;
    add_header X-Robots-Tag                      "noindex, nofollow" always;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection                  "1; mode=block"     always;

    # Remove X-Powered-By, which is an information leak
    fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;

    # Set .mjs and .wasm MIME types
    # Either include it in the default mime.types list
    # and include that list explicitly or add the file extension
    # only for Nextcloud like below:
    include mime.types;
    types {
        text/javascript mjs;
	application/wasm;
    }

    # Specify how to handle directories -- specifying `/index.php$request_uri`
    # here as the fallback means that Nginx always exhibits the desired behaviour
    # when a client requests a path that corresponds to a directory that exists
    # on the server. In particular, if that directory contains an index.php file,
    # that file is correctly served; if it doesn't, then the request is passed to
    # the front-end controller. This consistent behaviour means that we don't need
    # to specify custom rules for certain paths (e.g. images and other assets,
    # `/updater`, `/ocs-provider`), and thus
    # `try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri`
    # always provides the desired behaviour.
    index index.php index.html /index.php$request_uri;

    # Rule borrowed from `.htaccess` to handle Microsoft DAV clients
    location = / {
        if ( $http_user_agent ~ ^DavClnt ) {
            return 302 /remote.php/webdav/$is_args$args;
        }
    }

    location = /robots.txt {
        allow all;
        log_not_found off;
        access_log off;
    }

    # Make a regex exception for `/.well-known` so that clients can still
    # access it despite the existence of the regex rule
    # `location ~ /(\.|autotest|...)` which would otherwise handle requests
    # for `/.well-known`.
    location ^~ /.well-known {
        # The rules in this block are an adaptation of the rules
        # in `.htaccess` that concern `/.well-known`.

        location = /.well-known/carddav { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }
        location = /.well-known/caldav  { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }

        location /.well-known/acme-challenge    { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }
        location /.well-known/pki-validation    { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }

        # Let Nextcloud's API for `/.well-known` URIs handle all other
        # requests by passing them to the front-end controller.
        return 301 /index.php$request_uri;
    }

    # Rules borrowed from `.htaccess` to hide certain paths from clients
    location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)(?:$|/)  { return 404; }
    location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console)                { return 404; }

    # Ensure this block, which passes PHP files to the PHP process, is above the blocks
    # which handle static assets (as seen below). If this block is not declared first,
    # then Nginx will encounter an infinite rewriting loop when it prepends `/index.php`
    # to the URI, resulting in a HTTP 500 error response.
    location ~ \.php(?:$|/) {
        # Required for legacy support
        rewrite ^/(?!index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|ocs-provider\/.+|.+\/richdocumentscode(_arm64)?\/proxy) /index.php$request_uri;

        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
        set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;

        try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;

        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
        fastcgi_param HTTPS on;

        fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;         # Avoid sending the security headers twice
        fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;     # Enable pretty urls
        fastcgi_pass php-handler;

        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
        fastcgi_request_buffering off;

        fastcgi_max_temp_file_size 0;
    }

    # Serve static files
    location ~ \.(?:css|js|mjs|svg|gif|ico|jpg|png|webp|wasm|tflite|map|ogg|flac)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
        # HTTP response headers borrowed from Nextcloud `.htaccess`
        add_header Cache-Control                     "public, max-age=15778463$asset_immutable";
        add_header Referrer-Policy                   "no-referrer"       always;
        add_header X-Content-Type-Options            "nosniff"           always;
        add_header X-Frame-Options                   "SAMEORIGIN"        always;
        add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none"              always;
        add_header X-Robots-Tag                      "noindex, nofollow" always;
        add_header X-XSS-Protection                  "1; mode=block"     always;
        access_log off;     # Optional: Don't log access to assets
    }

    location ~ \.(otf|woff2?)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
        expires 7d;         # Cache-Control policy borrowed from `.htaccess`
        access_log off;     # Optional: Don't log access to assets
    }

    # Rule borrowed from `.htaccess`
    location /remote {
        return 301 /remote.php$request_uri;
    }

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri;
    }
}

Problem is the following

1-Frontend web

No login webpage → An error

2-Php error !

apps/app_api/lib/Service/ProvidersAI/SpeechToTextService.php

{"reqId":"H31IZYdok0Uu1JUUzkul",
        "level":4,"time":"2025-04-17T15:25:19+02:00","remoteAddr":"","user":false,"app":"app_api","method":"","url":"--",
        "message":"Error during app service registration: array_map(): Argument #2 ($array) must be of type array, false given"
        ,
        "userAgent":"--",
        "version":"31.0.0.18",
        "exception":
        {"Exception":"TypeError","Message":"array_map(): Argument #2 ($array) must be of type array, false given","Code":0,
        "Trace":[{"file":"/srv/http/domain.org/cloud.domain.org/apps/app_api/lib/Service/ProvidersAI/SpeechToTextService.php",
        "line":97,"function":"array_map"},
        {"file":"/srv/http/domain.org/cloud.domain.org/apps/app_api/lib/Service/ProvidersAI/SpeechToTextService.php","line":137,"function":"getRegisteredSpeechToTextProviders","class":"OCA\\AppAPI\\Service\\ProvidersAI\\SpeechToTextService","type":"->"},
     
        {"file":"/srv/http/domain.org/cloud.domain.org/apps/app_api/lib/AppInfo/Application.php","line":84,"function":"registerExAppSpeechToTextProviders","class":"OCA\\AppAPI\\Service\\ProvidersAI\\SpeechToTextService","type":"->"},
     
        {"file":"/srv/http/domain.org/cloud.domain.org/lib/private/AppFramework/Bootstrap/Coordinator.php","line":99,"function":"register","class":"OCA\\AppAPI\\AppInfo\\Application","type":"->"},{"file":"/srv/http/domain.org/cloud.domain.org/lib/private/AppFramework/Bootstrap/Coordinator.php","line":48,"function":"registerApps","class":"OC\\AppFramework\\Bootstrap\\Coordinator","type":"->"},
     
        {"file":"/srv/http/domain.org/cloud.domain.org/lib/base.php","line":667,"function":"runInitialRegistration","class":"OC\\AppFramework\\Bootstrap\\Coordinator","type":"->"},{"file":"/srv/http/domain.org/cloud.domain.org/lib/base.php","line":1149,"function":"init","class":"OC","type":"::"},{"file":"/srv/http/domain.org/cloud.domain.org/console.php","line":28,"args":["/srv/http/domain.org/cloud.domain.org/lib/base.php"],"function":"require_once"},
     
        {"file":"/srv/http/domain.org/cloud.domain.org/occ","line":11,"args":["/srv/http/domain.org/cloud.domain.org/console.php"],"function":"require_once"}],"File":"/srv/http/domain.org/cloud.domain.org/apps/app_api/lib/Service/ProvidersAI/SpeechToTextService.php","Line":97,"message":"Error during app service registration: array_map(): Argument #2 ($array) must be of type array, false given","exception":{},"CustomMessage":"Error during app service registration: array_map(): Argument #2 ($array) must be of type array, false given"}}
     
        {"reqId":"H31IZYdok0Uu1JUUzkul","level":3,"time":"2025-04-17T15:25:19+02:00","remoteAddr":"","user":false,"app":"PHP","method":"","url":"--","message":"foreach() argument must be of type array|object, false given at /srv/http/domain.org/cloud.domain.org/apps/workflowengine/lib/AppInfo/Application.php#52","userAgent":"--","version":"31.0.0.18","data":{"app":"PHP"}
     
        }

tflidd · April 28, 2025, 9:04am

Can you disable these additional apps? Perhaps connecting to this “external” stuff requires more/other modifications.

electro575:

# Appliquer à tous les fichiers et dossiers specific_user_php_fpm:specific_group
chown -R specific_user_php_fpm:specific_group /srv/http/domain.org/cloud.domain.org/

# Appliquer à tous les fichiers et dossier la permission 440
chmod -R 440 /srv/http/domain.org/cloud.domain.org/

What I’m wondering, for all the php stuff this looks good. But what about the static content that is delivered by the webserver directly. If the webserver user has no permissions, that might be a problem.
If that is the case, you should get some content, but with parts missing and you should get a permission error (visible in the networking part of the developer tools in your browser or the webserver logs).

ernolf · April 29, 2025, 9:17pm

Hi @electro575

Could you first let us know which Linux distro and how you installed PHP-FPM (package vs. source)? On Debian/Ubuntu it’s usually /usr/sbin/php-fpm8.4, (find out with which php-fpm8.4) so run:

/usr/sbin/php-fpm8.4 -t

to verify your FPM config.

You mentioned that the www-data and specific_user_php_fpm are in specific_group and the socket has mode 0660.
One thing to watch out for is that systemd services often ignore supplementary groups by default. Even if www-data is in specific_group, the started Nginx deamon may not pick that up.

You can fix it by creating a systemd drop-in for Nginx that explicitly adds your extra group:

sudo systemctl edit nginx

Then add:

[Service]
SupplementaryGroups=specific_group

Save and exit, then reload and restart:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart nginx

Now Nginx will inherit specific_group and should be able to open the FPM socket.

I’d also simplify file perms like this:

find /srv/http/.../cloud.domain.org/ -type d -exec chmod 750 {} \;
find /srv/http/.../cloud.domain.org/ -type f -exec chmod 640 {} \;

h.t.h. — let us know how it goes!

ernolf