The Deck App already has an integration into the Tasks app and the Calendar app by exposing the information via the standardized CalDAV API. One limitation is that only a Read access is provided (which means you are not able to modify the data from a client). Here is the corresponding issue.
Since Microsoft apparently loves to give a shit on open standards, it does of course not support CalDAV as far as I know. Maybe you have luck with some third party add on (this maybe?).
After all, I recommend you to use an alternative to Outlook which integrates better with open standards - I guess for example Thunderbird should be able to show you the tasks as it implements CalDAV.